Yearling bulls should be fed more liberally than mature bulls, because their growth requirements must be met before any improvement in condition can take place. From 18 months to 3 years of age, bulls should consume 2 to 2 1/2 percent of their body weight daily in dry matter of a complete diet, so they continue to gain about 1 3/4 to 2 pounds per day. Yearling bulls should be fed a grain mixture at the rate of 1 to 1 ½ percent of their body weight daily, with the percentage of grain decreased and the percentage of roughage increased gradually as they mature. Regardless of condition, the young bull's daily requirement of protein, minerals,and vitamins may not be met without concentrates. During the spring and summer grazing seasons, good pasture will provide most of the yearling bulls' nutritional needs, however; they usually require some supplemental grain (5 lb per day) to maintain satisfactory flesh. If used sparingly during their first breeding season, yearling bulls are likely to lose 50 to 100 lb during the breeding season. Therefore, they must regain this weight in addition to maintaining normal growth and development in preparation for the next breeding season. Again, diets should be growthpromoting rather than fattening.
Source:
Development and Management of Bulls
EDITED By J.W. Lemaster and R.S. Sand
Tuesday, September 8, 2009
Developing Young Bulls
Postweaning development of bulls 8 to 10 months of age plays an important role in their potential ability as future herd sires. Their usefulness as yearling bulls depends to a large extent on how they are handled from weaning until the onset of the breeding season. From weaning to three years of age, bulls should be separated by age. Weaned bulls should be dewormed, defluked (if flukes are a problem in your area), and vaccinated for 5-Way Leptospira, Campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis), and Trichomoniasis (Trich), according to the disease incidence in your region. Your veterinarian is a good source to determine the diseases that are present in a particular area. In addition, bulls should test negative for brucellosis (Bangs) and tuberculosis (TB). Healthy bulls should then be developed to attain adequate growth and size so that their inherited characteristics for production can be determined. To insure adequate growth in the year following weaning, bulls of British breeding should gain at least 2 pounds daily, while bulls of the larger breeds should gain an additional 1/4 pound per day. The practice of feeding high energy concentrates to young bulls in dry lots or commercial tests to attain maximum gains of 3 to 5 pounds daily, when these bulls are to be used as yearlings in the breeding program, has been questioned due to the association of excessive fat cover with reduced fertility andsoundness problems. Recent reports from the University of Tennessee, however, indicate there is not a relationship between excessive backfat and low-quality semen as previously thought. Therefore, bulls that are raised on high energy diets should be acclimated to pasture prior to the breeding season. Commercial bulls in the Southeast are primarily developed by maximizing the use of forage grazing with limited use of concentrate feeds.
Bulls gaining 2 pounds per day from weaning should weigh over 1250 pounds at 18 to 20 months of age. Rations used to achieve this level of production should be 65 percent TDN (total digestible nutrients) and 10 to 12 percent crude protein. One will need to feed about 2 1/2 to 3 percent of the bull's body weight per day. A recommendation can be given to the self-feeding of high quality forages and a concentrate supplement equal to about one percent of body weight per day. A complete trace mineralized salt and a balanced Ca and P mineral mix, which should be at least 0.41% Ca and 0.21% P for lighter bulls and decrease as bulls become heavier, should be provided free choice at all times. The quantity and type of supplemental feed needed depends on the season and the quality of the base forage provided.
Source:
Development and Management of Bulls
EDITED BY J.W. Lemaster and R.S. Sand
Bulls gaining 2 pounds per day from weaning should weigh over 1250 pounds at 18 to 20 months of age. Rations used to achieve this level of production should be 65 percent TDN (total digestible nutrients) and 10 to 12 percent crude protein. One will need to feed about 2 1/2 to 3 percent of the bull's body weight per day. A recommendation can be given to the self-feeding of high quality forages and a concentrate supplement equal to about one percent of body weight per day. A complete trace mineralized salt and a balanced Ca and P mineral mix, which should be at least 0.41% Ca and 0.21% P for lighter bulls and decrease as bulls become heavier, should be provided free choice at all times. The quantity and type of supplemental feed needed depends on the season and the quality of the base forage provided.
Source:
Development and Management of Bulls
EDITED BY J.W. Lemaster and R.S. Sand
Leptospirosis in Cattle
Leptospirosis is a widespread problem in the South, especially in unvaccinated herds. It causes repeat breeders, low-grade uterine infections, abortions, mastitis and occasionally systemic infection. Of the five or more strains of the organism, the three most common causing problems in cattle are Leptospira pomona, Leptospira hardjo and Leptospira grippotyphosa.
Leptospirosis can build up unrecognized in a herd. Closely confined cattle are particularly susceptible. Droplets of urine from infected cows can infect normal cows after contact with the eye or mucous membranes of the nose or mouth. The disease infects more cattle each day, preventing cows from settling and lengthening their calving
intervals.
To prevent leptospirosis:
1.Vaccinate cattle with bacterins containing three or
five serotypes every six months;
2.Drain stagnant bodies of water; and
3.Eliminate rodents, especially rats, from any barns or
sheds where cattle congregate.
Source:
Reproductive Diseases in Cattle
EDITED BY L. R. SPROTT AND ROBERT W. FIELD
Leptospirosis can build up unrecognized in a herd. Closely confined cattle are particularly susceptible. Droplets of urine from infected cows can infect normal cows after contact with the eye or mucous membranes of the nose or mouth. The disease infects more cattle each day, preventing cows from settling and lengthening their calving
intervals.
To prevent leptospirosis:
1.Vaccinate cattle with bacterins containing three or
five serotypes every six months;
2.Drain stagnant bodies of water; and
3.Eliminate rodents, especially rats, from any barns or
sheds where cattle congregate.
Source:
Reproductive Diseases in Cattle
EDITED BY L. R. SPROTT AND ROBERT W. FIELD
Brucellosis in Cattle
Although most states are now brucella-free, brucellosis still causes abortion and infertility in some regions. It is important to understand that not all brucellosis-infected cows abort, produce weak calves, retain placenta or have trouble breeding back. A brucellosis reactor cow may be normal in every observable aspect. However, each time she calves or produces a genital discharge, millions of brucella organisms may be present on the surface of the placenta, calf or discharge. The discharges then contaminate the pasture and other feeds, such as hay, threatening other cattle. If susceptible animals ingest these bacteria, they are likely to become infected.
Although infection usually occurs via the digestive tract, a susceptible animal may also pick up bacteria through the skin or eye. Contaminated feed, bedding, water or the premises may remain infective for a few days up to a few weeks, depending on environmental conditions.
The infection is spread mainly when infected cattle are introduced into the herd, either through purchase or when they break into a pasture with “clean” cattle. To keep your herd “Bang’s free,” maintain a closed herd by raising all your own replacements if possible. If you must buy replacement cattle, know the seller’s reputation. Be sure that all cattle you buy originate from clean herds, and that the females were vaccinated as calves and are negative to the Bang’s test if they are of testable age.
Isolate breeding stock for 30 to 60 days upon arrival at the farm and retest at the end of the isolation period. A lot of trouble? Yes, but not if a lifetime’s effort is risked in building a quality herd. At the same time, test the new animals for other reproductive diseases as recommended by the local veterinarian.
It is recommended to have an accredited veterinarian vaccinate all heifers between 4 and 12 months old. The calves should be properly identified, with an official ear tag and tattoo in the right ear.
Be sure that bulls are free of brucellosis and all reproductive diseases. Although brucellosis is rarely spread through breeding, it is still dangerous for a bull to breed an infected cow and then breed a clean cow soon thereafter. Bulls occasionally become infected; this is usually exhibited by a swollen testicle or scrotum. Producers using artificial insemination should avoid semen from brucellosis infected bulls. Their semen can infect cows.
Source:
Reproductive Diseases in Cattle
EDITED BY L. R. SPROTT AND ROBERT W. FIELD
Although infection usually occurs via the digestive tract, a susceptible animal may also pick up bacteria through the skin or eye. Contaminated feed, bedding, water or the premises may remain infective for a few days up to a few weeks, depending on environmental conditions.
The infection is spread mainly when infected cattle are introduced into the herd, either through purchase or when they break into a pasture with “clean” cattle. To keep your herd “Bang’s free,” maintain a closed herd by raising all your own replacements if possible. If you must buy replacement cattle, know the seller’s reputation. Be sure that all cattle you buy originate from clean herds, and that the females were vaccinated as calves and are negative to the Bang’s test if they are of testable age.
Isolate breeding stock for 30 to 60 days upon arrival at the farm and retest at the end of the isolation period. A lot of trouble? Yes, but not if a lifetime’s effort is risked in building a quality herd. At the same time, test the new animals for other reproductive diseases as recommended by the local veterinarian.
It is recommended to have an accredited veterinarian vaccinate all heifers between 4 and 12 months old. The calves should be properly identified, with an official ear tag and tattoo in the right ear.
Be sure that bulls are free of brucellosis and all reproductive diseases. Although brucellosis is rarely spread through breeding, it is still dangerous for a bull to breed an infected cow and then breed a clean cow soon thereafter. Bulls occasionally become infected; this is usually exhibited by a swollen testicle or scrotum. Producers using artificial insemination should avoid semen from brucellosis infected bulls. Their semen can infect cows.
Source:
Reproductive Diseases in Cattle
EDITED BY L. R. SPROTT AND ROBERT W. FIELD
Thursday, February 26, 2009
The RCC Are Distributed In Different Farmer
About 60 RCC cows are now transferred to different farmers of BD. Special care should be taken by the World Vision NGOS.
Thursday, January 1, 2009
The Prospect Of Goat Farming In BD
Bangladesh is well recognized for its Black Bengal Goat. It is so prolific that give 2-3 kids per birth.Without concentrate they can survive well if pasture land is available.Go on..............
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